A SHEAR TEST OF DEBRIS ROCK AT LABORATORY SCALE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30556/imj.Vol23.No1.2020.1090Keywords:
Barton and Kjaernsli criterion, debris rock shear strength, equivalent roughness, mudstone, shear strength testAbstract
As one of rock’s mechanical properties, the shear strength is one of the most significant factors that affect rock-dump slope stability. On previous research, one of the tests that needs to be conducted for shear strength characteristic estimation is the field-scale tilt test that requires a lot of expense and material. In this research, a direct shear test was conducted to 3 different mudstone specimens for modeling the Barton and Kjaernsli shear strength at laboratory-scale, using the fragment size of coarse (50 mm - 1 mm), medium (<1 mm – 0.25 mm), and fine (<0.25mm). Then, the results was compared to the shear strength of the debris rock that was come from the value of the equivalent roughness (R) both derived from back-calculated and empirical calculation. This research delivers the estimated shear strength that is more representative because the specimens were controllable in regards to its fragment size and composition. The more predominant big rock fragment in a composition, the bigger its back-calculated R-value. The obtained crushed rock shear strength with empirical R was lower in value compared to the one with back-calculated R.References
Barton, N. (1973) “Review of a new shear-strength criterion for rock joints,” Engineering Geology, 7(4), pp. 287–332. doi: 10.1016/0013-7952(73)90013-6.
Barton, N. (2008) “Shear strength of rockfill, interfaces and rock joints, and their points of contact in rock dump design,” in Fourie, A. (ed.) Rock Dumps 2008 Proceedings. Perth: Australian Centre for Geomechanics, pp. 3–17.
Barton, N. (2013) “Shear strength criteria for rock, rock joints, rockfill and rock masses: Problems and some solutions,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Taibah University, 5(4), pp. 249–261. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.05.008.
Barton, N. (2016) “Non-linear shear strength for rock, rock joints, rockfill and interfaces,” Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 1(1), p. 30. doi: 10.1007/s41062-016-0011-1.
Barton, N. and Choubey, V. (1977) “The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice,” Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches, 10(1–2), pp. 1–54. doi: 10.1007/BF01261801.
Barton, N. and Kjaernsli, B. (1981) “Shear strength of rockfill,” Journal of the Geotechnical Egnineering Division, 107(GT7), pp. 873–891.
Krumbein, W. C. (1940) “Flood gravel of San Gabriel Canyon, California,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, 51(5), pp. 639–676. doi: 10.1130/GSAB-51-639.
Li, Y. R. and Aydin, A. (2010) “Behavior of rounded granular materials in direct shear: Mechanisms and quantification of fluctuations,” Engineering Geology, 115(1–2), pp. 96–104. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.06.008.
Lingga, B. A., Apel, D. B., Sepehri, M. and Pu, Y. (2019) “Assessment of digital image correlation method in determining large scale cemented rockfill strains,” International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 29(5), pp. 771–776. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.12.002.
Lingga, B. A. and Apel, D. B. (2018) “Shear properties of cemented rockfills,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(4), pp. 635–644. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.03.005.
Ma, W. and Wang, T. (2019) “Experimental study of shear strength features of regenerated rock mass compacted and consolidated by broken soft rocks,” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(4), pp. 1839–1848. doi: 10.1007/s12205-019-1831-2.
Mohapatra, S. R., Mishra, S. R., Nithin, S., Rajagopal, K. and Sharma, J. (2019) “Effect of box size on dilative behaviour of sand in direct shear test,” in Stalin, V. K. and Muttharam, M. (eds.) Geotechnical Characterisation and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Springer, pp. 111–118. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0899-4_14.
Powers, M. C. (1953) “A new roundness scale for sedimentary particles,” SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research, Vol. 23(2), pp. 117–119. doi: 10.1306/D4269567-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
Proceq (2017) Betonprüfhammer Concrete Test Hammer Scléromètre à béton. Schwerzenbach: Proceq.
Skuodis, Š., Norkus, A., Dirgeliene, N. and Šlečkuviene, A. (2013) “Sand shearing peculiarities using direct shear device,” Procedia Engineering, 57, pp. 1052–1059. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.133.
Suits, L. D., Sheahan, T. C., Bareither, C. A., Benson, C. H. and Edil, T. B. (2008) “Reproducibility of direct shear tests conducted on granular backfill materials,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, 31(1), p. 100878. doi: 10.1520/GTJ100878.
Wadell, H. (1932) “Volume, shape, and roundness of rock particles,” The Journal of Geology, 40(5), pp. 443–451. doi: 10.1086/623964.
Wei, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhong, X., Liu, S., Mao, Y. and Li, J. (2018) “Analysis of mining waste dump site stability based on multiple remote sensing technologies,” Remote Sensing, 10(12), p. 2025. doi: 10.3390/rs10122025.
Wicaksana, Y., Kramadibrata, S., Wattimena, R. K., Ahmad, M. and Lingga, B. A. (2013) “Simulasi keruntuhan lereng akibat percepatan sentrifugal dengan pemodelan Fisik,” in Proceeding Seminar Geomekanika II. Bandung: Indonesian Rock Mechanics Society, pp. 133–137.
Xu, H., Geng, H., Chen, F., Chen, X. and Qi, L. (2017) “Strength assessment of broken rock postgrouting reinforcement based on initial broken rock quality and grouting quality,” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2017, pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1155/2017/3651765.
Zevgolis, I. E., Deliveris, A. V. and Koukouzas, N. C. (2019) “Slope failure incidents and other stability concerns in surface lignite mines in Greece,” Journal of Sustainable Mining, 18(4), pp. 182–197. doi: 10.1016/j.jsm.2019.07.001.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Indonesian Mining Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public to supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.