ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROM COAL GASIFICATION THROUGH SIMULATION OF PLASMA GASIFICATION PROCESS OF INDONESIAN LOW-RANK COAL

Authors

  • Priyo Adi Sesotyo Semarang University (USM) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-188X
  • Muhammad Nur Center of Plasma Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
  • Oki Muraza Research & Technology Innovation, PT Pertamina (Persero), Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30556/imj.Vol24.No1.2021.1192

Keywords:

plasma gasification, environmental impact, low-rank coal, syngas, energy potential

Abstract

Indonesia's coal reserve is abundant with its lower price and widely distributed than oil and natural gas. However, the coal emits high carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and sulfur compounds (H2S, SOx) to the environment during utilization. Plasma gasification can overcome those lacks using the external electric energy through a plasma torch. The chemical properties of coal have impacts on the energy content and environmental benchmarking. Using steam as a gasifying agent should be adequate to produce H2 and CO syngas. A research has been carried out to analyze and understand the benefit of using different gasifying agent for maximizing the H2 production and minimizing the environmental impact. Pure Steam (PS) gasifying agent to coal ratio of 0.4 has shown 43.76% H2 composition in syngas and cold gasification efficiency (CGE) with 37.71%. The PS to coal ratio of 0.2 has a significant carbon conversion efficiency of 4.75% and the PS to coal ratio of 0.6 has a gross energy potential of 86.5 kW. Using such the PS is significantly better than the mixture of steam oxygen (SO) as the gasifying agent since it needs to have a greater SO flow rate to have the SO to coal ratio of 1.00.

Author Biography

Priyo Adi Sesotyo, Semarang University (USM)

Power Engineering Laboratory Electrical Engineering Dept. Technical Faculty Semarang University (USM)

References

Air Liquide (2017) CO cold box – Syngas separation and purification, Air Liquide Engineering & Construction. Available at: https://www.engineering-airliquide.com/co-cold-box-syngas-separation-and-purification (Accessed: 12 December 2020).

BLU tekMIRA (2019) Tekmira tawarkan teknologi gasifikasi batubara bawah permukaan untuk tekan biaya dan dampak lingkungan, www.tekmira.esdm.go.id. Available at: https://www.tekmira.esdm.go.id/index.php/berita1/tekmira-tawarkan-teknologi-gasifikasi-batubara-bawah-permukaan-untuk-tekan-biaya-dan-dampak-lingkungan (Accessed: 12 December 2020).

Enersol Technologies (2019) EnerSol PEGS ® Gasification systems, www.enersoltech.com. Available at: https://www.enersoltech.com/pegs.htm (Accessed: 12 December 2020).

Favas, J., Monteiro, E. and Rouboa, A. (2017) ‘Hydrogen production using plasma gasification with steam injection’, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(16), pp. 10997–11005. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.03.109.

Georgiev, I. B. and Mihailov, B. I. (1992) ‘Some general conclusions from the results of studies on solid fuel steam plasma gasification’, Fuel, 71(8), pp. 895–901. doi: 10.1016/0016-2361(92)90239-K.

Gil, J., Corella, J., Aznar, M. P. and Caballero, M. A. (1999) ‘Biomass gasification in atmospheric and bubbling fluidized bed: Effect of the type of gasifying agent on the product distribution’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 17(5), pp. 389–403. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00055-0.

Guo, X., Tang, Y., Wang, Y., Eble, C. F., Finkelman, R. B., Huan, B. and Pan, X. (2021) ‘Potential utilization of coal gasification residues from entrained-flow gasification plants based on rare earth geochemical characteristics’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, p. 124329. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124329.

Maneerung, T., Li, X., Li, C., Dai, Y. and Wang, C.-H. (2018) ‘Integrated downdraft gasification with power generation system and gasification bottom ash reutilization for clean waste-to-energy and resource recovery system’, Journal of Cleaner Production. Elsevier Ltd, 188, pp. 69–79. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.287.

Mapamba, L. S., Conradie, F. H. and Fick, J. I. J. (2016) ‘Technology assessment of plasma arc reforming for greenhouse gas mitigation: a simulation study applied to a coal to liquids process’, Journal of Cleaner Production. Elsevier Ltd, 112, pp. 1097–1105. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.104.

Minutillo, M., Perna, A. and Di Bona, D. (2009) ‘Modelling and performance analysis of an integrated plasma gasification combined cycle (IPGCC) power plant’, Energy Conversion and Management, 50(11), pp. 2837–2842. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.07.002.

Mishra, A., Gautam, S. and Sharma, T. (2018) ‘Effect of operating parameters on coal gasification’, International Journal of Coal Science & Technology. Springer Singapore, 5(2), pp. 113–125. doi: 10.1007/s40789-018-0196-3.

Nayak, R. and Mewada, R. K. (2011) ‘Simulation of coal gasification process using ASPEN PLUS’, in International Conference on Current Trends in Technology, "NUiCONE – 2011‟. Gujarat, India: Nirma University of Science and Technology, p. 382 481.

Nikoo, M. B. and Mahinpey, N. (2008) ‘Simulation of biomass gasification in fluidized bed reactor using ASPEN PLUS’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 32(12), pp. 1245–1254. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.02.020.

Nursanto, E. and Ilcham, A. (2018) ‘Characteristic of low rank coal from Warukin Formation, South Kalimantan and their implication for coal liquefaction’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 212(1), p. 012027. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/212/1/012027.

Pagano, G., Thomas, P. J., Di Nunzio, A. and Trifuoggi, M. (2019) ‘Human exposures to rare earth elements: Present knowledge and research prospects’, Environmental Research. Elsevier Inc., 171(December 2018), pp. 493–500. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.004.

Pourali, M. (2010) ‘Application of plasma gasification technology in waste to energy—Challenges and opportunities’, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 1(3), pp. 125–130. doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2010.2061242.

Samal, S. (2017) ‘Thermal plasma technology: The prospective future in material processing’, Journal of Cleaner Production. Elsevier Ltd, 142, pp. 3131–3150. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.154.

Sesotyo, P. A., Nur, M. and Muraza, O. (2020) ‘Simulation of syngas production through plasma gasification from Indonesia’s low-grade coal as a new energy’, in Brawijaya International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences and Technology 2020. Malang, Indonesia, p. EN-1207-302.

Sesotyo, P. A., Nur, M. and Suseno, J. E. (2019) ‘Plasma gasification with municipal solid waste as a method of energy self sustained for better urban built environment: Modeling and simulation’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 396(1), p. 012002. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/396/1/012002.

Sihite, T. (2012) ‘Low rank coal utilization in Indonesia’, in Clean Coal Day in Japan International Symposium. Tokyo: JCoal, pp. 1–21.

Sudiro, M. and Bertucco, A. (2009) ‘Production of synthetic gasoline and diesel fuel by alternative processes using natural gas and coal: Process simulation and optimization’, Energy. Elsevier Ltd, 34(12), pp. 2206–2214. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2008.12.009.

Tobergte, D. R. and Curtis, S. (2013) ‘Summary for policymakers’, in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ed.) Climate Change 2013 - The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–30. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.

UCI Physics (2014) ‘Gasoline gallon equivalent’, 2014.

United Nation (2018) Energy statistics yearbook 2018. New York: United Nations Publications.

Yoon, S. J. and Goo Lee, J. (2012) ‘Syngas production from coal through microwave plasma gasification: Influence of oxygen, steam, and coal particle size’, Energy & Fuels, 26(1), pp. 524–529. doi: 10.1021/ef2013584.

Downloads

Published

2021-10-30