LITHIUM EXTRACTION FROM DIENG GEOTHERMAL BRINE USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION – A PRELIMINARY STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30556/imj.Vol26.No1.2023.1477Keywords:
lithium, solvent extraction, geothermal brinesAbstract
This preliminary study aims to obtain the lithium compounds from a geothermal brine through a solvent extraction. The brine samples were collected from PT Geodipa Energi Geothermal Power Plant in Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia. The ICP analysis was conducted to measure brine chemical composition. Brine’s lithium content was 62.73 ppm with the dominant impurities silica (Si), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and boron (B). Silica removal was conducted by centrifugation technic with the addition of flocculants, while calcium removal was achieved by adding sodium carbonate. The CYANEX® 936P was used for the extraction process and was diluted in kerosene (1:1 O/A ratio). The extraction pH was adjusted by adding 10% H2SO4 solution (acid condition) and 10% NH4OH (alkaline condition). The optimum condition for lithium extraction was observed at pH = 11, with the highest lithium recovery of 90%. The eluate from the stripping process was then precipitated by adding Na2CO3 to produce lithium carbonate powder.
References
Badan Geologi (2020) ‘Potensi litium di Indonesia’, in Webinar Potensi Pemanfaatan Litium untuk Baterai Ion-Li di Indonesia. Bandung: Badan Geologi.
Bai, R., Wang, J., Wang, D., Zhang, Y. and Cui, J. (2021) ‘Selective separation of lithium from the high magnesium brine by the extraction system containing phosphate-based ionic liquids’, Separation and Purification Technology, 274, p. 119051. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119051.
Bundschuh, J. and Tomaszewska, B. (eds) (2018) Geothermal water management. London: CRC Press.
Harvianto, G.R. (2014) A comprehensive study on solvent extraction of lithium ion from aqueous solution and its application in seawater. Pukyong National University.
Hund, K., Porta, D. La, Fabregas, T.P., Laing, T. and Drexhage, J. (2020) Minerals for climate action: The mineral intensity of the clean energy transition. Washington DC: World Bank.
Ji, Z.-Y., Yang, F.-J., Zhao, Y.-Y., Liu, J., Wang, N. and Yuan, J.-S. (2017) ‘Preparation of titanium-base lithium ionic sieve with sodium persulfate as eluent and its performance’, Chemical Engineering Journal, 328, pp. 768–775. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.047.
Lee, J. and Chung, E. (2022) ‘The effect of silicate ions on the separation of lithium from geothermal fluid’, Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, 4. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2022.741281.
Maimulyanti, A. and Prihadi, A.R. (2014) ‘Effect of pH on extraction efficiency and distribution in nickel ion separation using solvent extraction’, in E. Rijanto (ed.) Proceeding ASEAN COSAT 2014. Jakarta: LIPI Press, pp. 515–522.
Masmoudi, A., Zante, G., Trébouet, D., Barillon, R. and Boltoeva, M. (2020) ‘Understanding the mechanism of lithium ion extraction using tributyl phosphate in room temperature ionic liquid’, Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 38(7), pp. 777–799. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2020.1788201.
Meng, F., McNeice, J., Zadeh, S.S. and Ghahreman, A. (2021) ‘Review of lithium production and recovery from minerals, brines, and lithium-ion batteries’, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 42(2), pp. 123–141. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2019.1668387.
Murodjon, S., Yu, X., Li, M., Duo, J. and Deng, T. (2020) ‘Lithium recovery from brines including seawater, salt lake brine, underground water and geothermal water’, in P. Vizureanu (ed.) Thermodynamics and Energy Engineering. IntechOpen. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90371.
Nguyen, T. and Lee, M. (2018) ‘A review on the separation of lithium ion from leach liquors of primary and secondary resources by solvent extraction with commercial extractants’, Processes, 6(5), p. 55. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr6050055.
Reitenbach, G. (2015) Mining for lithium in geothermal brine: Promising but pricey, powermag.com. Available at: https://www.powermag.com/mining-for-lithium-in-geothermal-brine-promising-but-pricey/ (Accessed: 14 February 2022).
Rupasinghe, T. (2016) ‘Liquid Extraction: Acidic Extraction’, in M.R. Wenk (ed.) Encyclopedia of Lipidomics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 1–2. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_93-1.
Stringfellow, W.T. and Dobson, P.F. (2021) ‘Technology for the recovery of lithium from geothermal brines’, Energies, 14(20), p. 6805. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206805.
Sujoto, V.S.H., Sutijan, Astuti, W., Mufakhir, F.R. and Petrus, H.T.B.M. (2021) ‘Lithium recovery from synthetic geothermal brine using electrodialysis method’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 882(1), p. 012003. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012003.
Toba, A.-L., Nguyen, R.T., Cole, C., Neupane, G. and Paranthaman, M.P. (2021) ‘U.S. lithium resources from geothermal and extraction feasibility’, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 169, p. 105514. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105514.
US Geological Survey (2020) Mineral commodities summary. Reston VA.
Warren, I. (2021) Techno-economic analysis of lithium extraction from geothermal brines. Golden, CO. Available at: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/799178.pdf.
Zhou, Z., Liu, H., Fan, J., Liu, X., Hu, Yafei, Hu, Yulei, Wang, Y. and Ren, Z. (2019) ‘Selective extraction of lithium ion from aqueous solution with sodium phosphomolybdate as a coextraction agent’, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7(9), pp. 8885–8892. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00898.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Mining Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public to supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
