RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ENRICHMENT OF FIXED-BED COAL ASH FROM A PILOT PLANT GASIFICATION BY PHYSICAL METHODS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30556/imj.Vol21.No2.2018.967Keywords:
coal ash, gasification, rare earth elements, monazite, shaking tableAbstract
Research and development regarding coal gasification at a pilot scale in Palimanan has been conducted since 2008. Besides the gas product, attention on chemical element identification within the bottom ash is also necessary. The aim is to implement the research and development activities in integrating coal utilization processes by zero waste. The most important content within the coal ash is the precious metal elements, namely the rare earth elements. Characterization on the fixed bed gasification coal ash from Palimanan pilot plant shows that the ash contains the rare earth elements (REE) such as cerium, lanthanum, samarium, neodymium, praseodymium, euporium, gadolinium, dysprosium, and yttrium. Its bearing minerals include zircon silicate minerals (ZrSiO4) and monazite-Ce (CePO4). The total content of the rare earth elements is 77.85 ppm. In this work, the rare earth elements concentration successfully increased using shaking table and magnetic separator methods. It reached up to 217 ppm. However, the shaking table was more effective to increase the concentration. Approximately two times concentrates were achieved, while no significant results derived from the magnetic separator process.
References
Elliott, M. A. (1981) Chemistry of coal utilization : Second supplementary volume. 1st Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Endang Suwargi, Pardiarto, B. and Ishlah, T. (2010) “Potensi logam tanah jarang di Indonesia,” Buletin Sumber Daya Geolog, 5(3), pp. 131–140.
Fitriana, I., Sugiyono, A., Anindhita, F., Wahid, L. O. M. A. and Adiarso (2017) Indonesia energy outlook 2017: Clean energy technology development initiatives. Jakarta: BPPT-Press. Available at: https://www.bppt.go.id/outlook-energi/bppt-outlook-energi-indonesia-2017/download.
Ginster, M. and Matjie, R. H. (2005) “Beneficial utilization of Sasol coal gasification ash,” in 2005 World of Coal Ash (WOCA). 2005 World ash (WOCA). Available at: http://www.flyash.info/2005/94gin.pdf.
Hosseini, S. (2015) Behavior of inorganic matters during coal gasification. University of Alberta. Available at: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/1cc48ba8-6c7a-4962-ac07-0b476dd18b2f.
Hower, J., Granite, E., Mayfield, D., Lewis, A. and Finkelman, R. (2016) “Notes on contributions to the science of rare earth element enrichment in coal and coal combustion byproducts,” Minerals, 6(2), p. 32. doi: 10.3390/min6020032.
Long, K. R., Gosen, B. S. Van, Foley, N. K. and Cordier, D. (2018) The geology of rare earth elements, www.geology.com. Available at:
https://geology.com/usgs/ree-geology/ (Accessed: June 4, 2018).
Pomykała, R. and Mazurkiewicz, M. (2015) “Properties of coal gasification wastes essential to determining their impact on the environment,” Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24, pp. 2147–2155. doi: 10.15244/pjoes/42370.
Rodliyah, I. (2017) “Pengolahan mineral monasit,” in Wahyudi, T., Handayani, S., and Jafril (eds.) Logam Tanah Jarang: Minyak Bumi Abad ke-21. Jakarta: LIPI Press, pp. 143–160.
Roth, E., Macala, M., Lin, R., Bank, T., Thompson, R., Howard, B., Soong, Y. and Granite, E. (2017) “Distributions and extraction of rare earth elements from coal and coal by-products,” in 2017 World of Coal Ash Conference. Lexington: World of Coal Ash (WOCA). Available at: http://www.flyash.info/2017/113-Roth-woca2017p.pdf.
Sahoo, P. K., Kim, K., Powell, M. A. and Equeenuddin, S. M. (2016) “Recovery of metals and other beneficial products from coal fly ash: A sustainable approach for fly ash management,” International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 3(3), pp. 267–283. doi: 10.1007/s40789-016-0141-2.
Silva, L., Ward, C., Hower, J., Izquierdo, M., Waanders, F., Oliveira, M., Li, Z., Hatch, R. and Querol, X. (2010) “Mineralogy and leaching characteristics of coal ash from a major Brazilian power plant,” Coal Combustion and Gasification Products, 2(1), pp. 51–65. doi: 10.4177/CCGP-D-10-00005.1.
Sodikin, I., Sulistyohadi, F., Yaskuri, D., Nurhadi, Sofaety, Y., Umar, D. F., Ningrum, N. S., Andriansyah, M. A., Monika, I., Diniyati, D., Yusnanto, Saputra, R., Ropik, Setiawan, L., Phiciato, Irawan, C., Rianda, S., Sirait, J. K., Syarifah, T. S., Elvan, R. S., Arifin, R. S., Ujat, Widodo, Supriatna, W., Santosa, S. G., Irawan, W., Spadia, M. D., Hertantiyo, D., Susanti, I., Hidayat, H. and Mujib (2016) Pengembangan teknologi gasifikasi batubara untuk bahan bakar. Bandung: Puslitbang tekMIRA.
Speight, J. G. (2013) The chemistry and technology of coal. 3rd Ed. CRC Press.
Suganal (2017) “Kandungan unsur logam tanah jarang pada abu dasar (bottom ash) dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) berbahan bakar batubara,” in Prosiding Kimia Nasional XX: Kimia dalam Pembangunan. Yogyakarta: Jasakiai, pp. 81–88. Available at: http://repo-nkm.batan.go.id/1180/1/016.pdf.
Suganal, Suratman and Kusnawan (2016) “Identifikasi sumber daya mineral logam pembawa unsur logam tanah jarang (rare-earth elements REE) di wilayah Purbalingga,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional XIX: Kimia dalam Pembangunan. Yogyakarta: Jasakiai, pp. 401–408.
Suganal, Umar, D. F. and Mamby, H. E. (2018) “Identifikasi keterdapatan unsur logam tanah jarang dalam abu batubara Pusat Listrik Tenaga Uap Ombilin, Sumatera Barat,” Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, 14(2), pp. 111–125. doi: 10.30556/jtmb.Vol14.No2.2018.395.
Suprapto, S. (2009) “Penanganan limbah pembakaran batubara pada pabrik tekstil studi kasus pabrik tekstil di Kabupaten Bandung,” Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, 5(2), pp. 19–31. Available at: https://jurnal.tekmira.esdm.go.id/index.php/minerba/article/view/904.
Ye, I., Oh, J. and Ryu, C. (2015) “Effects of design/operating parameters and physical properties on slag thickness and heat transfer during coal gasification,” Energies, 8(5), pp. 3370–3385. doi: 10.3390/en8053370.
Yermagambet, B. T., Becturganov, N. S., Nabiyev, M. A., Nurgaliev, N. U. and Kassenova, Z. M. (2016) “Coal gasification and gas obtaining for synthesis of the motor fuels,” in Litvinenko, V. (ed.) XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 573–578. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_88.
Zhang, W., Groppo, J. and Honaker, R. (2015) “Ash beneficiation for REE recovery,” in 2015 World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference. Nasvhille: World of Coal Ash (WOCA), pp. 1–11. Available at: http://www.flyash.info/2015/194-Groppo-2015.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Indonesian Mining Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public to supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
