KARAKTERISTIK ABU LAYANG (FLY ASH) DARI PLTU TANJUNG SELOR DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI PREKURSOR MATERIAL ALUMINOSILIKAT

Nur Hayati; Fildzah ‘Adany; Crhistine Dyta Nugraeni; Iif Ahmad Syarif; Riskaviana Kurniawati

doi:10.30556/jtmb.Vol19.No3.2023.1499

Penulis

Nur Hayati Jurusan Kimia FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Fildzah ‘Adany Pusat Riset Kimia Maju, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-5643
Crhistine Dyta Nugraeni Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-2140
Iif Ahmad Syarif Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Universitas Borneo Tarakan
Riskaviana Kurniawati Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Teknologi Kebumian dan Energi, Universitas Trisakti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-7684

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.Vol19.No3.2023.1499

Kata Kunci:

abu layang, Kelas F, ASTM C618, aluminosilikat

Abstrak

Sekitar 500 juta ton hasil samping pembakaran batu bara diproduksi setiap tahun, dengan abu layang yang menyumbang sekitar 70% dari produk samping tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan abu layang menjadi sangat penting karena jika tidak diolah dan dimanfaatkan dengan benar dapat berdampak buruk pada lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Pemanfaatan abu layang sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristiknya yang berbeda-beda pada setiap sumbernya karena dipengaruhi oleh jenis batu bara, kondisi pembakaran, dan pendinginan. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan karakterisasi dengan menggunakan XRF dan XRD pada abu layang yang berasal dari PLTU Tanjung Selor. Berdasarkan ASTM C618, abu layang PLTU Tanjung Selor merupakan abu layang Kelas F karena memiliki total kandungan SiO₂+ Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃ adalah 71,4% (>70%) dan CaO sebesar 13,83% (<15%). Hasil XRD juga menunjukkan bahwa abu layang ini didominasi oleh Fe₂O₃ dan SiO₂ dengan munculnya puncak Fe₂O₃ (hematit) pada 2θ= 33,44; 35,57; 43,27° (PDF 01-073-0603) dan SiO₂(kuarsa) pada 2θ = 20,81; 26,63; 50,14; 57,26; 68,34° (PDF 01-085-0335). Karakteristik dari abu layang ini menunjukkan bahwa abu layang ini memiliki potensi sebagai prekursor untuk sintesis zeolit X dan P karena memiliki rasio SiO₂/Al₂O₃ 1,63. Selain itu, karena kandungan Si dan Al yang dominan abu layang ini juga berpotensi sebagai prekursor geopolimer, kandungan Fe yang dominan (27%) juga mampu meningkatkan kekuatan dari geopolimer.

Referensi

Al-Shmaisani, S., Kalina, R.D., Douglas Ferron, R. dan Juenger, M.C.G. (2022) “Assessment of blended coal source fly ashes and blended fly ashes,” Construction and Building Materials, 342, hal. 127918. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127918.

Alterary, S.S. dan Marei, N.H. (2021) “Fly ash properties, characterization, and applications: A review,” Journal of King Saud University - Science, 33(6), hal. 101536. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101536.

Alzeer, M.I.M. dan MacKenzie, K.J.D. (2018) “Synthesis and catalytic properties of new sustainable aluminosilicate heterogeneous catalysts derived from fly ash,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(4), hal. 5273–5282. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04923.

Ameh, A.E., Fatoba, O.O., Musyoka, N.M. dan Petrik, L.F. (2017) “Influence of aluminium source on the crystal structure and framework coordination of Al and Si in fly ash-based zeolite NaA,” Powder Technology, 306, hal. 17–25. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.11.003.

Auerbach, S.M., Carrado, K.A. dan Dutta, P.K. (2003) Handbook of zeolite science and technology. 1st Editio. Diedit oleh S.M. Auerbach, K.A. Carrado, dan P.K. Dutta. New York: CRC Press. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203911167.

Cardoso, A.M., Paprocki, A., Ferret, L.S., Azevedo, C.M.N. dan Pires, M. (2015) “Synthesis of zeolite Na-P1 under mild conditions using Brazilian coal fly ash and its application in wastewater treatment,” Fuel, 139, hal. 59–67. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.016.

Cong, P. dan Cheng, Y. (2021) “Advances in geopolymer materials: A comprehensive review,” Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 8(3), hal. 283–314. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2021.03.004.

Czuma, N., Zarębska, K., Motak, M., Gálvez, M.E. dan Da Costa, P. (2020) “Ni/zeolite X derived from fly ash as catalysts for CO2 methanation,” Fuel, 267, hal. 117139. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117139.

Derbe, T., Temesgen, S. dan Bitew, M. (2021) “A Short Review on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Zeolites,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. Diedit oleh M. Fedel, 2021, hal. 6637898. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6637898.

van Deventer, J.S.J., Provis, J.L., Duxson, P. dan Lukey, G.C. (2007) “Reaction mechanisms in the geopolymeric conversion of inorganic waste to useful products,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 139(3), hal. 506–513. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.044.

Deviani, S., Mahatmanti, F.W. dan Widiarti, N. (2018) “Sintesis dan karakterisasi zeolit dari abu sekam padi menggunakan metode hidrotermal,” Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, 7(1 SE-Articles). Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcs.v7i1.20437.

Ekaputri, J.J. dan Bari, M.S. Al (2020) “Perbandingan regulasi fly ash sebagai limbah B3 di Indonesia dan beberapa negara,” Media Komunikasi Teknik Sipil, 26(2), hal. 150–162. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v26i2.30762.

ESDM (2021) Handbook of energy and economic statistics of Indonesia. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Republic of Indonesia.

Gourley, J.T. (2003) “Geopolymers; Opportunities for environmentally friendly construction materials,” in Adaptive Materials for a Modern Society. Sydney: Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia.

Herpi, A., Yunarti, R. dan Saefumillah, A. (2021) “Synthesized zeolite from coal fly ash: Effect of furnace and acidic pretreatment on the characteristic,” in Saefurrohman, M. Muhammad, dan H. Nurdiyanto (ed.) Proceedings of The 6th Asia-Pacific Education And Science Conference, AECon 2020, 19-20 December 2020, Purwokerto, Indonesia. Purwokerto: European Alliance for Innovation. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.19-12-2020.2309115.

Ionescu, B.A., Chira, M., Vermeșan, H., Hegyi, A., Lăzărescu, A.-V., Thalmaier, G., Neamțu, B.V., Gabor, T. dan Sur, I.M. (2022) “Influence of Fe2O3, MgO and molarity of NaOH solution on the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymers,” Materials, 15(19), hal. 6965. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196965.

Iqbal, A., Sattar, H., Haider, R. dan Munir, S. (2019) “Synthesis and characterization of pure phase zeolite 4A from coal fly ash,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 219, hal. 258–267. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.066.

Kim, H., Kim, J.Y., Kim, J.S. dan Jin, H.C. (2015) “Physicochemical and optical properties of combustion-generated particles from a coal-fired power plant, automobiles, ship engines, and charcoal kilns,” Fuel, 161, hal. 120–128. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.08.035.

Koshy, P., Ho, N., Zhong, V., Schreck, L., Koszo, S.A., Severin, E.J. dan Sorrell, C.C. (2021) “Fly ash utilisation in mullite fabrication: Development of novel percolated mullite,” Minerals, 11(1), hal. 84. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/min11010084.

Koukouzas, N.K., Zeng, R., Perdikatsis, V., Xu, W. dan Kakaras, E.K. (2006) “Mineralogy and geochemistry of Greek and Chinese coal fly ash,” Fuel, 85(16), hal. 2301–2309. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.02.019.

Lima, L.K.S., Silva, K.R., Menezes, R.R., Santana, L.N.L. dan Lira, H.L. (2022) “Microstructural characteristics, properties, synthesis and applications of mullite: a review,” Cerâmica, 68(385), hal. 126–142. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132022683853184.

Lu, S.G., Chen, Y.Y., Shan, H.D. dan Bai, S.Q. (2009) “Mineralogy and heavy metal leachability of magnetic fractions separated from some Chinese coal fly ashes,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169(1–3), hal. 246–255. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.078.

Manoharan, V., Yunusa, I.A.M., Loganathan, P., Lawrie, R., Skilbeck, C.G., Burchett, M.D., Murray, B.R. dan Eamus, D. (2010) “Assessments of Class F fly ashes for amelioration of soil acidity and their influence on growth and uptake of Mo and Se by canola,” Fuel, 89(11), hal. 3498–3504. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.06.028.

Mohebbi, M., Rajabipour, F. dan Scheetz, B.E. (2015) “Reliability of Loss on Ignition (LOI)test for determining the unburned carbon content in fly ash,” in World of Coal Ash. Nashville.

Murukutti, M.K. dan Jena, H. (2022) “Synthesis of nano-crystalline zeolite-A and zeolite-X from Indian coal fly ash, its characterization and performance evaluation for the removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ from simulated nuclear waste,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 423, hal. 127085. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127085.

Ojha, K., Pradhan, N.C. dan Samanta, A.N. (2004) “Zeolite from fly ash: synthesis and characterization,” Bulletin of Materials Science, 27(6), hal. 555–564. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02707285.

Olii, M.R., Wahab, A.A., Ichsan, I., Djau, R.A. dan Nento, S. (2023) “Beton hijau menggunakan fly ash sebagai subtitusi parsial semen,” Siklus: Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 9(1).

Oliveira, J.A., Cunha, F.A. dan Ruotolo, L.A.M. (2019) “Synthesis of zeolite from sugarcane bagasse fly ash and its application as a low-cost adsorbent to remove heavy metals,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 229, hal. 956–963. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.069.

Ooi, X.Y., Gao, W., Ong, H.C., Lee, H.V., Juan, J.C., Chen, W.H. dan Lee, K.T. (2019) “Overview on catalytic deoxygenation for biofuel synthesis using metal oxide supported catalysts,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 112, hal. 834–852. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.031.

Park, J., Hwang, Y. dan Bae, S. (2019) “Nitrate reduction on surface of Pd/Sn catalysts supported by coal fly ash-derived zeolites,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 374, hal. 309–318. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.051.

Qian, B., Hosseini, T., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Wang, H. dan Zhang, L. (2018) “Coal waste to two-dimensional materials: fabrication of α-Fe 2 O 3 nanosheets and MgO nanosheets from brown coal fly ash,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(12), hal. 15982–15987. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03952.

Ren, X., Xiao, L., Qu, R., Liu, S., Ye, D., Song, H., Wu, W., Zheng, C., Wu, X. dan Gao, X. (2018) “Synthesis and characterization of a single phase zeolite A using coal fly ash,” RSC Advances, 8(73), hal. 42200–42209. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA09215J.

Sari, D.K., Setyaningsih, E.P., Fansuri, H. dan Susanto, T.E. (2018) “Kajian karakteristik kimia dan fisika abu layang yang menjadi penentu kekuatan mekanik perekat geopolimer berbahan dasar abu layang,” Akta Kimia Indonesia, 3(2), hal. 222–235. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.12962/j25493736.v3i2.4563.

Tabit, K., Hajjou, H., Waqif, M. dan Saâdi, L. (2021) “Cordierite-based ceramics from coal fly ash for thermal and electrical insulations,” Silicon, 13(2), hal. 327–334. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00428-y.

Tigue, A.A.S., Dungca, J.R., Hinode, H., Kurniawan, W. dan Promentilla, M.A.B. (2018) “Synthesis of a one-part geopolymer system for soil stabilizer using fly ash and volcanic ash,” in A.C. Kumoro, Hadiyanto, S.A. Roces, L. Yung, X. Rong, A.W. Lothongkum, M.T. Phong, M.A. Hussain, W.R.W. Daud, dan P.T.S. Nam (ed.) MATEC Web of Conferences: The 24th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering (RSCE 2017). Semarang: EDP Sciences, hal. 05017. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815605017.

Triwulan, Priadana, K.A., Ekaputri, J.J. dan Bayuaji, R. (2017) “Physical and chemical character of fly ash of coal fired power plant in Java,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing, hal. 012003. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/267/1/012003.

Wattimena, O.K., Antoni dan Hardjito, D. (2017) “A review on the effect of fly ash characteristics and their variations on the synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer,” in AIP Conference Proceedings : Green Construction and Engineering Education (GCEE). AIP Publishing, hal. 020041. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5003524.

Wei, Q. dan Song, W. (2020) “Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of coal ashes from two high-sulfur coal-fired power plants in Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China,” Minerals, 10(4), hal. 323. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/min10040323.

Yadav, I.C. dan Devi, N.L. (2019) “Biomass burning, regional air quality, and climate change,” in J. Nriagu (ed.) Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. 2nd Editio. Elsevier, hal. 386–391. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11022-X.

Yadav, V.K., Amari, A., Gacem, A., Elboughdiri, N., Eltayeb, L.B. dan Fulekar, M.H. (2023) “Treatment of fly-ash-contaminated wastewater loaded with heavy metals by using fly-ash-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles,” Water, 15(5), hal. 908. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050908.

Zailani, W.W.A., Abdullah, M.M.A., Arshad, M.F., Burduhos-Nergis, D.D. dan Tahir, M.F.M. (2020) “Effect of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) on the Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 877(1), hal. 012017. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/877/1/012017.

Zhang, Y., Li, M., Liu, D., Hou, X., Zou, J., Ma, X., Shang, F. dan Wang, Z. (2019) “Aluminum and iron leaching from power plant coal fly ash for preparation of polymeric aluminum ferric chloride,” Environmental Technology, 40(12), hal. 1568–1575. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1426639.