TRANSFORMASI MINERAL PIROLUSIT PADA TEMPERATUR TINGGI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.Vol14.No3.2018.682Kata Kunci:
Mangan, reduksi, reaksi antar padatan, pirometalurgiAbstrak
Mangan adalah unsur penting yang digunakan oleh beberapa industri a.l. sebagai unsur pemadu dalam industri baterai dan baja khusus. Reduksi merupakan tahap yang sangat penting dalam proses pengolahan mangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menyelidiki perilaku reduksi konsentrat mangan yang berasal dari Sumbawa. Konsentrat mangan ini mengandung pirolusit dan kuarsa. Pemanasan campuran konsentrat mangan dan batubara menghasilkan senyawa Mn3O4 yang stabil sampai temperatur 700°C. Menurunnya tekanan parsial reduktor pada temperatur 800°C menyebabkan Mn3O4 teroksidasi kembali menjadi Mn2O3 yang stabil sampai temperatur 1100°C. Selama pemanasan, kuarsa diperkirakan mengalami perubahan struktur kristal menjadi silika nonkristalin. Akhirnya, silika nonkristalin tersebut bereaksi dengan mangan oksida pada temperatur 1200°C membentuk mangan silikat.
Referensi
Agunsoye, J. O., Talabi, S. I. and Bello, O. (2015) “Wear characteristics of heat-treated hadfield austenitic manganese steel for engineering application,” Advances in Production Engineering & Management, 10(2), pp. 97–107. doi: 10.14743/apem2015.2.195.
Artamonova, I. V., Gorichev, I. G. and Godunov, E. B. (2013) “Kinetics of manganese oxides dissolution in sulphuric acid solutions containing oxalic acid,” Engineering, 05(09), pp. 714–719. doi: 10.4236/eng.2013.59085.
Bélanger, D., Brousse, T. and Long, J. W. (2008) “Manganese oxides: Battery materials make the leap to electrochemical capacitors,” in Rajeshwar, K. (ed.) The Electrochemical Society Interface. The Electrochemical Society, pp. 49–52. Available at: https://www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/spr/spr08/spr08_p49-52.pdf.
Borek, W., Tanski, T., Jonsta, J. and L., C. (2015) “Structure and mechanical properties of high-Mn TWIP steel after their thermo-mechanical and heat treatments,” in 24th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials Metal 2015. Brno: METAL 2015, pp. 1–6. Available at: http://konsystest.tanger.cz/files/proceedings/21/papers/3932.pdf.
Fahim, M. S., El Faramawy, H., Ahmed, A. M., Ghali, S. N. and Kandil, A. E. H. T. (2013) “Characterization of Egyptian manganese ores for production of high carbon ferromanganese,” Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 01(02), pp. 68–74. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2013.12013.
Kivinen, V., Krogerus, H. and Daavittila, J. (2010) “Upgrading of Mn / Fe ratio of low-grade manganese ore for ferromanganese production,” in Vartiainen, A. (ed.) The Twelfth International Ferroalloys Congress Sustainable Future. Helsinki, Finland: Outotec Oyj, pp. 467–476. Available at: https://www.pyro.co.za/InfaconXII/467-Kivinen.pdf.
Krivenko, V. V., Ovcharuk, A. N., Taran, A. Y., Filev1, A. S., Oleynik, T. A. and Kharitonov, V. N. (2010) “Investigation of chemical and mineralogical composition of manganese ores from Central Asia deposits,” Metallurgical and Mining Industry, 2(1), pp. 7–12. Available at: https://www.metaljournal.com.ua/assets/Uploads/attachments/7Krivenko.pdf.
Pribulova, A., Babic, J. and Baricova, D. (2011) “Influence of hadfields steel chemical composition on its mechanical properties,” Chem. Listy, 105, pp. s430–s432. Available at: http://www.chemicke-listy.cz/docs/full/2011_s4_s430-s438.pdf.
Qian, L., Feng, X. and Zhang, F. (2011) “Deformed microstructure and hardness of hadfield high manganese steel,” MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, 52(8), pp. 1623–1628. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.M2011121.
Ramesh, K., Chen, L., Chen, F., Liu, Y., Wang, Z. and Han, Y.-F. (2008) “Re-investigating the CO oxidation mechanism over unsupported MnO, Mn2O3 and MnO2 catalysts,” Catalysis Today, 131(1–4), pp. 477–482. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.10.061.
Şeşen, F. E. (2017) “Practical reduction of manganese oxide,” Journal of Chemical Technology and Applications, 1(1), pp. 1–2. Available at: http://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/practical-reduction-of-manganese-oxide-8311.html.
Sorensen, B., Gaal, S., Ringdalen, E., Tangstad, M., Kononov, R. and Ostrovski, O. (2010) “Phase compositions of manganese ores and their change in the process of calcination,” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 94(3–4), pp. 101–110. doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2010.01.001.
SRK Consulting (2015) Kajian tentang prospek dan deposit mangan di Indonesia.
Tang, Q., Jiang, L., Liu, J., Wang, S. and Sun, G. (2014) “Effect of surface manganese valence of manganese oxides on the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media,” ACS Catalysis, 4(2), pp. 457–463. doi: 10.1021/cs400938s.
Wang, Y., Jin, S., Lv, Y., Zhang, Y. and Su, H. (2017) “Hydrometallurgical process and kinetics of leaching manganese from semi-oxidized manganese ores with sucrose,” Minerals, 7(2), p. 27. doi: 10.3390/min7020027.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara menyediakan akses terbuka yang pada prinsipnya membuat konten yang tersedia dapat diakses secara gratis untuk umum dan mendukung pertukaran informasi/pengetahuan secara global.
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara berada di bawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Teknolgi Mineral dan Batubara provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public to supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
