TINJAUAN TEKNOLOGI PROSES EKSTRAKSI BIJIH NIKEL LATERIT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.Vol17.No3.2021.1156Kata Kunci:
hidrometalurgi, bijih nikel laterit, pirometalurgi, reduksi selektifAbstrak
Bijih nikel laterit merupakan mineral yang mengandung senyawa oksida besi-nikel. Teknologi pengolahan nikel laterit secara umum ada 3 metode yaitu hidrometalurgi, pirometalurgi dan reduksi selektif. Hidrometalurgi merupakan metode yang menggunakan pelindian dan larutan seperti asam untuk mengekstraksi nikel laterit. Metode dengan pelindian asam yang bertekanan adalah metode yang paling optimal untuk mendapatkan nikel dengan grade dan recovery tertinggi. Akan tetapi metode ini memiliki dampak pencemaran lingkungan akibat hasil proses pelindian dan waktu yang lama. Metode yang kedua, yaitu pirometalurgi menggunakan temperatur tinggi sampai 1600°C sehingga membutuhkan banyak energi seperti proses blast furnace. Metode dengan rotary kiln-electric furnace merupakan metode optimal dalam pengembangan nikel laterit. Akan tetapi kekurangannya yaitu tanpa pemisahan pengotor, energi yang besar, serta masih ada permasalahan teknis seperti adanya material yang mengalami melt partial. Metode yang ketiga yaitu reduksi selektif merupakan proses pemisahan dengan menyeleksi terbentuknya besi oksida sehingga mendapatkan kadar nikel yang tinggi tanpa energi yang tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan adanya penambahan aditif untuk menghambat terbentuknya besi dan menurunkan temperatur reduksi. Metode ini sebagai alternatif pengolahan bijih nikel laterit jenis limonit dan saprolit menjadi konsentrat nikel dengan kadar nikel di atas 5 %.Referensi
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