BIOOKSIDASI: TEKNOLOGI ALTERNATIF PENGOLAHAN BIJIH EMAS REFRAKTORI

Sri Handayani; Suratman Suratman

doi:10.30556/jtmb.Vol13.No3.2017.191

Penulis

Sri Handayani PuslitbangtekMIRA - KESDM
Suratman Suratman PuslitbangtekMIRA - KESDM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.Vol13.No3.2017.191

Kata Kunci:

biooksidasi, bijih emas refraktori, mikroba, teknologi alternatif

Abstrak

Sekitar sepertiga produksi emas dunia berupa bijih emas refraktori. Sifat refraktori umumnya karena bijih emas berukuran halus dan terinklusi dalam mineral-mineral sulfida seperti arsenopirit dan pirit sehingga menyebabkan perolehan emas rendah (20-50%) bila diolah dengan proses sianidasi langsung. Teknologi biooksidasi merupakan teknologi alternatif yang menarik sebagai prapengolahan bijih emas refraktori karena desain dan operasinya lebih sederhana, biaya kapital dan operasi rendah dan tidak menghasilkan bahan pencemar udara sehingga teknologi ini lebih ramah lingkungan. Indonesia mempunyai cadangan bijih emas refraktori yang cukup besar dan sangat berpotensi untuk diolah dengan teknologi biooksidasi karena teknologi ini telah terbukti layak secara teknis dan ekonomis, dan telah diaplikasikan selama 30 tahun terakhir di lebih dari 10 negara di seluruh dunia.Tulisan ini menyajikan informasi dan diskusi mengenai aplikasi teknologi biooksidasi dalam pengolahan bijih emas refraktori, landasan teori dan mekanisme reaksi, aplikasi komersial yang telah ada di dunia, hasil-hasil beberapa penelitian di Indonesia, aspek keekonomian, tantangan dan kendala serta potensi dan prospek aplikasinya di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian biooksidasi bijih emas refraktori Indonesia asal Kalimantan Timur, menunjukkan pada sianidasi langsung tanpa praolahan, perolehan emasnya hanya mencapai 38,7% dan setelah bijih mengalami pelindian bakteri selama 42 hari, ekstraksi emasnya meningkat menjadi 87,1 %. Pada penelitian biooksidasi selanjutnya menggunakan kultur bakteri campuran Acidithiobacillus ferrooxsidans dan Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, perolehan emasnya mencapai 98% dalam waktu proses yang lebih singkat selama 28 hari. Hasil-hasil tersebut memperkuat prospek penerapan teknologi biooksidasi secara komersial di Indonesia.

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