IDENTIFIKASI KETERDAPATAN UNSUR LOGAM TANAH JARANG DALAM ABU BATUBARA PUSAT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP OMBILIN, SUMATERA BARAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.Vol14.No2.2018.395Kata Kunci:
abu batubara, abu terbang, LTJ, PLTUAbstrak
Logam Tanah Jarang (LTJ) merupakan sumber material penting dari abad ke-21, banyak digunakan sebagai penunjang kehidupan modern seperti mobil listrik, perangkat identifikasi kesehatan (MRI, X-ray, Scanner, contrast agent, dll), LCD, hard drive komputer, pembangkit listrik tenaga angin, teknologi hijau, perangkat night vision, sistem radar dan peralatan militer. Unsur LTJ antara lain terdapat pada abu hasil pembakaran batubara dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU). Potensi produksi abu batubara dari PLTU di Indonesia mencapai 10 juta ton per tahun dan merupakan potensi sumber unsur LTJ yang bernilai tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keterdapatan unsur LTJ dalam abu batubara dari PLTU Ombilin dan proses peningkatan kadarnya. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan analisis percontoh abu batubara menggunakan XRD, XRF, ICP dan SEM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan abu batubara PLTU Ombilin mengandung Cerium, Neodimium, Lantanum, Ittrium dan Samarium meskipun kadar unsur tersebut relatif rendah, yaitu kurang dari 100 ppm. Upaya peningkatan kadar melalui benefisiasi abu terbang telah dapat meningkatan kandungan unsur Sm dari 2 ppm menjadi 9,3267 ppm pada middling, dan pada ampas meningkat dari 2 ppm menjadi 3,9429 ppm. Kandungan unsur LTJ pada abu terbang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada abu dasar, maka upaya ekstraksi akan lebih ekonomis dilakukan terhadap abu terbang dan seyogyanya disetarakan sebagai bahan baku atau sumber senyawa LTJ. Pemanfaatan abu terbang sebaiknya didahului oleh ekstraksi unsur-unsur LTJnya, selanjutnya digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan maupun peruntukkan lain seperti yang telah berlangsung saat ini.
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