TIDAK SEDERHANA MEWUJUDKAN INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN NIKEL LATERIT KADAR RENDAH DI INDONESIA SEHUBUNGAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG MINERBA 2009
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.Vol12.No3.2016.139Kata Kunci:
laterit kadar rendah, limonit, saprolit, pyrometalurgi, hydrometalurgi, UU. Minerba 2009.Abstrak
Ada dua jalur proses untuk mengolah bijih nikel oksida yang lazim disebut laterit, yaitu pirometalurgi dan hidrometalurgi. Pirometalurgi digunakan untuk mengolah laterit jenis saprolit berkadar nikel tinggi (Ni≥1,8%) untuk memproduksi FeNi atau Ni matte. Hidrometalurgi digunakan untuk mengolah laterit kadar rendah (Ni<1,8%) yang belum ada di tanah air. Dalam perkembangannya pirometalurgi digunakan untuk mengolah laterit kadar rendah menghasilkan NCPI/NPI (Nickel Contain Pig Iron/Nickel Pig Iron) di Tiongkok. Selanjutnya NCPI/NPI digunakan sendiri oleh Tiongkok sebagai pengganti FeNi untuk membuat besi-baja tahan karat. Bahan baku pembuatan NCPI/NPI Tiongkok diperoleh dari mengimpor laterit Filipina dan Indonesia. Dengan mulai berlakunya UU Minerba (Mineral dan Batubara) tahun 2009 yang mewajibkan bahan baku harus diolah di dalam negeri sebelum diekspor, dan melarang ekspor bahan baku mulai 12 Januari 2014. Maka Indonesia mungkin akan menghadapi masalah hukum dagang internasional yang tidak sederhana sebagai konsekuensi dari larangan ekspor mineral. Masalah lainnya bagaimana harus mengolah mineral di dalam negeri, dan siapa yang akan menyerap pasar hasil olahan mineral. Melihat kenyataan ini pemerintah harus mengoptimalkan litbang (penelitian dan pengembangan) yang ada di departemen maupun non departemen.Referensi
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