STUDI PERBANDINGAN PROSES PELINDIAN UNTUK EKSTRAKSI SKANDIUM DARI TERAK  RESIDU BAUKSIT

Sariman; Siti Rochani; Nuryadi Saleh; Isyatun Rodliyah; Erika Arum Dianawati; Retno Wijayanti

doi:10.30556/jtmb.Vol19.No3.2023.1509

Penulis

Sariman Pusat Riset Sumber Daya geologi, Organisasi Riset kebumian dan Maritim, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Siti Rochani Puslitbang Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara
Nuryadi Saleh Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara
Isyatun Rodliyah Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara
Erika Arum Dianawati Pusat Riset Sumber Daya Geologi, Organisasi Riset Kebumian dan Maritim, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Retno Wijayanti Pusat Riset Sumber Daya geologi, Organisasi Riset kebumian dan Maritim, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30556/jtmb.Vol19.No3.2023.1509

Kata Kunci:

alkali fusion, terak bauksit residu, pelindian asam, skandium, sulfatasi

Abstrak

Skandium diklasifikasikan sebagai unsur tanah jarang. Keberadaannya secara geokimia dalam jumlah kecil sebagai mineral ikutan. Akibatnya, produksi skandium sangat terbatas dan dihasilkan dari sisa pengolahan mineral utama. Indonesia memiliki deposit bauksit yang besar dan diolah menjadi alumina yang menghasilkan residu bauksit sebagai produk samping. Residu bauksit mengandung logam tanah jarang termasuk skandium. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan berbagai cara untuk mengekstraksi skandium dari terak residu bauksit. Proses benefisiasi residu bauksit dilakukan melalui proses reduksi dan peleburan yang dilanjutkan dengan pemisahan magnetik. Ekstraksi skandium dilakukan dari terak residu bauksit melalui proses pelindian dengan asam sulfat pekat, sulfatasi, alkali fusion (peleburan basa), dan pelindian asam 2 tahap. Persen ekstraksi skandium terbaik diperoleh dengan menggunakan pelindian asam 2 tahap yaitu 88,40%, pada konsentrasi asam 500 g/kg, suhu 90°C, dan waktu pelindian 3 jam untuk setiap tahap pelindian. Selain itu dihitung juga persen ekstraksi neodimium dengan nilai terbaiknya adalah 76,97%, menggunakan alkali fusion, pada kondisi peleburan dalam NaOH, suhu 700°C selama 3 jam.

Referensi

Agrawal, S. dan Dhawan, N. (2021a) “Evaluation of microwave acid baking on Indian red mud sample,” Minerals Engineering, 160, hal. 106686. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106686.

Agrawal, S. dan Dhawan, N. (2021b) “Microwave acid baking of red mud for extraction of titanium and scandium values,” Hydrometallurgy, 204, hal. 105704. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105704.

Alkan, G., Yagmurlu, B., Gronen, L., Dittrich, C., Ma, Y., Stopic, S. dan Friedrich, B. (2019) “Selective silica gel free scandium extraction from Iron-depleted red mud slags by dry digestion,” Hydrometallurgy, 185, hal. 266–272. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.03.008.

Anawati, J. dan Azimi, G. (2019) “Recovery of scandium from Canadian bauxite residue utilizing acid baking followed by water leaching,” Waste Management, 95, hal. 549–559. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.044.

Archambo, M.S. dan Kawatra, S.K. (2021) “Utilization of bauxite residue: Recovering iron values using the iron nugget process,” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 42(4), hal. 222–230. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2020.1720982.

Avdibegović, D., Regadío, M. dan Binnemans, K. (2017) “Recovery of scandium (iii) from diluted aqueous solutions by a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP),” RSC Adv., 7(78), hal. 49664–49674. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA07957E.

Bhoi, B., Rajput, P. dan Mishra, C.R. (2017) “Production of green direct reduced iron (DRI) from red mud of Indian origin: A novel concept,” in Proceedings of 35th International ICSOBA Conference. Hamberg, Germany: ICSOBA, hal. 565–574.

Borra, C.R., Blanpain, B., Pontikes, Y., Binnemans, K. dan Van Gerven, T. (2016) “Smelting of bauxite residue (red mud) in view of iron and selective rare earths recovery,” Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2(1), hal. 28–37. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-015-0026-4.

Borra, C.R., Mermans, J., Blanpain, B., Pontikes, Y., Binnemans, K. dan Van Gerven, T. (2016) “Selective recovery of rare earths from bauxite residue by combination of sulfation, roasting and leaching,” Minerals Engineering, 92, hal. 151–159. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2016.03.002.

Borra, C.R., Pontikes, Y., Binnemans, K. dan Van Gerven, T. (2015) “Leaching of rare earths from bauxite residue (red mud),” Minerals Engineering, 76, hal. 20–27. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.01.005.

Davris, P., Marinos, D., Balomenos, E., Panias, D. dan Paspaliaris, I. (2018) “Hydrometallurgical extraction of scandium from bauxite residue based on sulfuric acid process,” in Y. Pontikes (ed.) 2nd International Bauxite Residue Valorisation and Best Practices Conference. Athens, Greece: KU Leuven, hal. 449–454.

Fagi, F. (2019) Magnet tetap sebagai sumber energi terbarukan, Energi Baru dan Terbarukan. Tersedia pada: http://energibarudanterbarukan.blogspot.com/2011/04/magnit-tetap-sebagai-sumber-energi.html (Diakses: 3 April 2023).

Gotsu, S., Mishra, B. dan Martins, G. (2018) “Extraction of iron from red mud: Low temperature reduction to magnetite and magnetic separation,” in Y. Pontikes (ed.) Proceedings of the 2nd International Bauxite Residue Valorization and Best Practices Conference. Atlanta, Greece: KU Leuven, hal. 7–10.

Habibi, H., Mokmeli, M., Shakibania, S., Pirouzan, D. dan Pourkarimi, Z. (2023) “Separation and recovery of titanium and scandium from the red mud,” Separation and Purification Technology, 317, hal. 123882. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123882.

Kanekaputra, M.R. dan Mubarok, M.Z. (2023) “Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution,” Heliyon, 9(3), hal. e14652. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14652.

Kaya, Ş., Dittrich, C., Stopic, S. dan Friedrich, B. (2017) “Concentration and separation of scandium from Ni laterite ore processing streams,” Metals, 7(12), hal. 557. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/met7120557.

Li, X., Zhou, Z., Wang, Y., Zhou, Q., Qi, T., Liu, G. dan Peng, Z. (2020) “Enrichment and separation of iron minerals in gibbsitic bauxite residue based on reductive Bayer digestion,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 30(7), hal. 1980–1990. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(20)65355-9.

Merrill, A.M. (2023) “Bauxite and alumina,” in Mineral Commodity Summaries. U.S. Geological Survey, hal. 2.

Narayanan, R.P., Kazantzis, N.K. dan Emmert, M.H. (2018) “Selective process steps for the recovery of scandium from Jamaican bauxite residue (red mud),” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(1), hal. 1478–1488. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03968.

Narayanan, R.P., Kazantzis, N.K. dan Emmert, M.H. (2019) “Process for scandium recovery from Jamaican bauxite residue: A probabilistic economic assessment,” Materials Today: Proceedings, 9, hal. 578–586. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.378.

Paramguru, R.K., Rath, P.C. dan Misra, V.N. (2004) “Trends in red mud utilization – A review,” Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 26(1), hal. 1–29. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/08827500490477603.

Rivera, R.M., Ulenaers, B., Ounoughene, G., Binnemans, K. dan Van Gerven, T. (2018) “Extraction of rare earths from bauxite residue (red mud) by dry digestion followed by water leaching,” Minerals Engineering, 119, hal. 82–92. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.01.023.

Rivera, R.M., Xakalashe, B., Ounoughene, G., Binnemans, K., Friedrich, B. dan Van Gerven, T. (2019) “Selective rare earth element extraction using high-pressure acid leaching of slags arising from the smelting of bauxite residue,” Hydrometallurgy, 184, hal. 162–174. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.01.005.

Sadangi, J.K., Das, S.P., Tripathy, A. dan Biswal, S.K. (2018) “Investigation into recovery of iron values from red mud dumps,” Separation Science and Technology, 53(14), hal. 2186–2191. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2018.1446984.

Shi, L., Ruan, S., Li, J. dan Gerson, A.R. (2017) “Desilication of low alumina to caustic liquor seeded with sodalite or cancrinite,” Hydrometallurgy, 170, hal. 5–15. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.06.023.

Shoppert, A., Loginova, I., Napol’skikh, J., Kyrchikov, A., Chaikin, L., Rogozhnikov, D. dan Valeev, D. (2022) “Selective scandium (Sc) extraction from bauxite residue (red mud) obtained by alkali fusion-Leaching method,” Materials, 15(2), hal. 433. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020433.

Wang, L., Sun, N., Tang, H. dan Sun, W. (2019) “A review on comprehensive utilization of red mud and prospect analysis,” Minerals, 9(6), hal. 362. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/min9060362.

Wang, W., Pranolo, Y. dan Cheng, C.Y. (2013) “Recovery of scandium from synthetic red mud leach solutions by solvent extraction with D2EHPA,” Separation and Purification Technology, 108, hal. 96–102. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.02.001.

Zhang, N., Li, H.-X. dan Liu, X.-M. (2016) “Recovery of scandium from bauxite residue—red mud: A review,” Rare Metals, 35(12), hal. 887–900. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-016-0805-5.